South Africas Black Consciousness Movement

Perceiving the Grecian Urn Essay

Seeing the Grecian Urn Essay Seeing the Grecian Urn Essay Seeing the Grecian Urn In the primary verse, we have an individual watching the old Grecian urn, considering the urn, attempting to make sense of its portrayal of pictures solidified in time. It is the still unravish'd lady of quietness, the encourage offspring of quietness and moderate time. He additionally depicts the urn as a student of history, which can recount to a story. While pondering about the figures on the urn, he asks what legend they delineate, and where they are from. He takes a gander at an image that appears to show a gathering of men seeking after a gathering of ladies, and marvels what their story could be: What frantic interest? What battle to get away? What funnels and timbrels? What wild happiness? In the subsequent verse, the speaker takes a gander at another image on the urn, this season of a youngster playing a funnel, lying with his darling under certain trees. The eyewitness of the urn says, that the flute player's unheard tune's are better than mortal tune s, since they are perpetual after some time. He tells the young that, in spite of the fact that he can never kiss his sweetheart since he is solidified in time, he ought not lament, since her magnificence will never blur. In the third verse, he takes a gander at the trees encompassing the darlings and feels upbeat that they will never shed their leaves; he is cheerful for the flute player since his melodies will be for ever new and glad that the adoration for the kid and the young lady will have a suffering affection, in contrast to mortal love. All breathing human enthusiasm far over, That leaves a heart high-tragic and surfeited, A consuming brow, and a drying toungue, descibes that human love will give you a high for just a brief timeframe and afterward leave you A consuming temple, and a drying toungue. In the fourth refrain, he keeps on paying heed to another image of a dairy animals being driven away to be yielded. He ponders what green special stepped area the preist is tak ing the penance to. The speaker is envisioning the special raised area to be green; the green raised area could imply that it is exceptionally adorned for the penance, or that there are seldom any penances on it, so it has grown up with vegitation. He begins to think about a town (albeit none is appeared in the image) where the individuals are coming from and concocts a tranquil mountianside town. In consummation the discription of his made-up town, he expresses that, And, little town, thy steets for evermore Will quiet be; and

Excessive Exercise as an Eating Disorder Symptom

Excessive Exercise as an Eating Disorder Symptom Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Excessive Exercise as an Eating Disorder Symptom When Does Excessive Exercise Become Problematic? By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 14, 2020 Stanislaw Pytel, Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Link to Eating Disorders Risks Recovery Signs and Symptoms Treatment View All Back To Top Exercise is generally seen as a virtue; therefore, you may wonder how it could possibly be bad for you. For most people, exercise does confer significant health and mental health benefits. However, for those with eating disorders, excessive exercise is a common symptom and can play a role in the development and maintenance of the disorder. Our culture’s celebration of exercise makes it so that excessive exercise is often not recognized or taken as seriously as it should. This article will describe excessive exercise as it has been studied by eating disorder researchers, and then review how excessive exercise manifests itself in various eating disorders, the risks of overexercising, and what to do if you think you (or a loved one) are engaging in too much exercise. Overview Whereas most people would understand self-induced vomiting to be a negative eating disorder behavior, they would generally not think the same of exercise. Those who exercise excessively are often praised for their motivation and self-discipline. But taken to an extreme, this behavior can have serious consequences. In one of the largest studies on excessive exercise in eating disorders, excessive exercise was defined as any of the following:Exercise that interfered with important activitiesExercise that exceeded three hours per day and caused distress if the individual were unable to exerciseFrequent exercise at inappropriate times and places and little or no attempt to suppress the behaviorExercising despite more serious injury, illness or medical complication Link to Eating Disorders Excessive or driven exercise is a common component of different types of eating disorders. It may be found among patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and muscle dysmorphia, as well as other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED) and subclinical presentations. In the case of restrictive eating disorders, including anorexia, there is even some evidence that increased exercise may be a fundamental biological reaction.   Activity-Based Anorexia in Rats.  Animal studies have demonstrated that eating disorders can give rise to excessive exercise behavior, by inducing what is called “Activity-Based Anorexia” in rats. When researchers restrict rats’ food intake while giving them unlimited access to a wheel, the rats start running excessively. Paradoxically, these rats opt to continue running rather than eat during the short intervals of time food is made available to them. If allowed, they will literally run themselves to death. These rats display the puzzling behavior of self-starvation exhibited in anorexia nervosa. One would expect that rats (and humans) who are starving would become less, rather than more, active. Yet in young children who develop anorexia nervosa, restricted intake is usually accompanied by increased activity. Youngsters with anorexia often present as hyperactiveâ€"they won’t sit still, they fidget, and they often run around aimlessly. They do not express a conscious attempt to burn calories the way older adolescents and adults do. Thus, excessive activity or exercise is postulated to be a more basic drive that gets turned on by the energy imbalance of restricted intake. Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa.  Hyperactivity is a common, intriguing, and well-documented symptom of anorexia nervosa, noted as early as 1873 by the French physician Ernest-Charles Lasègue, one of the earliest writers about the disorder. Lasègue observed that patients with anorexia exhibited high levels of activity seemingly incompatible with their impoverished nutrition: Another ascertained fact is, that so far from muscular power being diminished, this abstinence tends to increase the aptitude for movement. The patient feels more light and active, rides on horseback [the French text also mentions: ‘long walking-tours], receives and pays visits, and is able to pursue a fatiguing life in the world without perceiving the lassitudes he would at other times have complained of. (Lasègue, 1873, p.266) In one study, 37 percent to 54 percent of patients with anorexia nervosa (depending on subtype) engaged in excessive exercise. Patients may underreport the amount of time that they engage in physical activity, making it hard for caregivers and treatment professionals to fully assess.   Exercise in anorexia nervosa is commonly described by patients as driven or compulsive. Physical signs of fatigue are ignored as patients continue to train despite being physically ill and low energy. One patient in a study about exercise reported: Before I attended treatment, I only sat down during meal times, or else I felt I did not deserve to sit still. I was incredibly restless, so it was difficult to relax…I feel like I am being compelled to exercise… Excessive exercise in anorexia nervosa is associated with younger age and higher rates of anxious/obsessional and perfectionistic traits. Exercise in Bulimia Nervosa.  Excessive exercise has been included in the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa since the publication of DSM-III-R in 1987. The current diagnostic criteria (DSM-5) for bulimia nervosa specify that there is compensatory behavior for binge eating which can include self-induced vomiting, but also intermittent fasting, laxative use, diuretics, and exercise. Exercise as a Compensatory Behavior in Eating Disorders Excessive exercise is a common compensatory behavior in individuals with bulimia nervosa. In one study, 20 percent to 24 percent of patients with bulimia nervosa engaged in excessive exercise. Among patients with bulimia nervosa, excessive exercise is associated with greater baseline eating disorder severity as well as poorer treatment outcome. Exercise in Muscle Dysmorphia.  Excessive exercise is a common symptom of muscle dysmorphia, an emerging condition that affects primarily bodybuilders. Some researchers believe it to be a variation of anorexia nervosa characteristics of patients with a more traditional masculine gender identity. Currently, this disorder is classified diagnostically as a type of body dysmorphic disorder versus an eating disorder. Muscle dysmorphia is characterized by the persistent belief that one is not muscular enough and associated behaviors related to increasing musculature including an extreme exercise program and dietary intake designed to build bulk (often with a focus on protein). Supplements and steroids are sometimes used in the pursuit of muscle. Among men with muscle dysmorphia, approximately 71 percent lift weights excessively and 64 percent exercise excessively.   Muscle Dysmorphia Excessive Exercise in OSFED and Subclinical Disordered Eating. There is little research on excessive exercise in OSFED. In subclinical samples, the relationship between compulsive exercise and elevated scores on measures of eating psychopathology is well established. Behaviors such as dieting and exercise often coexist and reinforce one another. It is also the case that excessive exercise in the absence of disordered eating or disordered eating attitudes is believed to be less clinically significant and less impairing. Risks Exercise in patients with eating disorders and disordered eating can be dangerous. Patients may exercise and not fuel properly, putting themselves at risk for a variety of serious medical complications.  These complications can include electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, muscle wasting, injuries, and sudden death. Patients with anorexia often have weak bones and so may generally be more likely to experience fractures; the physical strain associated with over-exercising exacerbates this risk. The presence of excessive exercise among patients with anorexia nervosa is associated with longer inpatient treatment duration and a shorter time to relapse. Excessive exercise among individuals with disordered eating is also associated with a greater risk of suicidality.   Recovery Excessive exercise immediately following hospital discharge is a significant predictor of relapse. Exercise can both maintain the beliefs that keep one caught in an eating disorder and be physically counterproductive when weight gain is a goal of treatment. For this and other reasons, it is common for treatment professionals to recommend cessation of exercise in individuals with eating disorders until they are stable in recovery. The idea of allowing an individual in recovery continued participation in a sport as motivation to recover is enticing, but often backfires for the reasons cited above. Signs and Symptoms Excessive exercise may be difficult to distinguish, especially among athletes. The key feature that determines whether the exercise is problematic lies less in the quantity of activity than it does in the motivations and attitudes behind it: feeling exercise as a compulsion; exercising primarily to influence shape and weight; and feelings of guilt after missing an exercise session. An elite athlete may engage in more total time exercising than a person with an eating disorder, but we could define the eating disorder person’s exercise as excessive while the elite athlete might not have the attitudes about exercise that would qualify it as excessive or problematic. It should also be noted that the prevalence of eating disorders is higher among athletes, especially those in sports that emphasize leanness than it is in the general population. Thus, athletes who are exhibiting signs of an eating disorder should be assessed. If you (or a loved one) endorse one or more of the following items, consider whether you may benefit from seeking help:My exercise interferes with important activities such as work or socializing.I exceed three hours of exercise per day.I experience stress or guilt when I am unable to exercise.I exercise at inappropriate times and places and cannot suppress the behavior.I continue to exercise despite an injury, illness, or medical complications. Recovery advocate Jenni Schaefer has made the Compulsive Exercise Test, a measure used to assess excessive exercise, available on her website. Treatment If you or someone you know is exhibiting signs of excessive exercise and/or an eating disorder, eating disorder treatment, including psychotherapy, can help address both the eating disorder and exercise obsession. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which helps to modify behaviors as well as underlying beliefs about exercise, can help individuals to develop moderation and balance. If you are a parent of a child in treatment, it may be beneficial for you to help limit or restrict their exercise. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders

Women´s Role in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne...

Female Evolution in the United States Do you believe that women of this present generation have always received the same level of respect as they receive now? Today, women are treated exceptionally well as compared to their counterparts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and treated even better than those in the very early years of America. Women in the past were restricted from freedoms and rights; their individuality was stripped and they were constantly forced to meet the constraining view of a â€Å"traditional† America. In contrast, women of modern America are granted a level of recognition and respect unexplored by American women of previous generations. Women were unfairly judged in the past. Throughout American history,†¦show more content†¦As time passed, people began to diverge away from the outrageous beliefs from the Puritan era but sexism was still present. The popular belief during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries was that the role of a true woman was to properly serve her husband and children. Take, for example, Edna Pontellier from Kate Chopin’s well-known novel The Awakening. Edna Pontellier was heavily scrutinized by those around her for not serving her husband and children as if they were gods. Don’t be mistaken, Mrs. Pontellier cared for them, but she also aspired to fulfill her own desires. Mrs. Pontellier specifically said, â€Å"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children, but I wouldnt give myself† (Chopin 64). The aspiration by Mrs. Pontellier was perceived as selfishness by those around her. It is stated directly that, â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was not a mother-woman. The mother-women seemed to prevail that summer at Grand Isle... They were women who idolized their children, worshipped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels† (Chop in 21). In other words, according to this society of the late nineteenth century, women were to worship their husband and children; never were they allowed to allot any time for their dreams. Simply put,Show MoreRelated Scarlet Critique Essay870 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in 1850. It was based on the Puritans of the 1600s, which were revived in Hawthornes era. Hawthorne descended from Puritan heritage and harbored a sense of guilt and hatred for their way of life. He used many themes and literary techniques in The Scarlet Letter including symbolism and irony. He emphasized the individuals role in the community and the role of women in society. Hawthorne used romanticism as opposed to the classical correctnessRead MoreLiterature Has Functioned Throughout History As A Means1266 Words   |  6 Pagesto the lay public. Classics like Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe leverage their plots to reveal alarming realities and comment on social issues. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the earliest examples of literary social criticism. Hawthorne uses the plight of the main character, Hester Prynne, a convicted adulterer in a society that severely punishes sinners, to take a stand against Puritanism and the religious conservatism that stainsRead MoreCharacterization In The Scarlet Letter1374 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is expressed throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Pearl is outcasted from society because of her non-conformity to rigid Puritan morals, similar to how Hawthorne alienates his own daughter Una for having a more masculine perso nality. These aspects all mirror Hawthorne s emotions and hardships of his early life through the literary element of characterization. The analysis of Pearl emphasizes how The Scarlet Letter is a reflection of Hawthorne s life, and how the feelings heRead MoreAdversity In The Scarlet Letter1527 Words   |  7 PagesAUDRAIN†¯6 Sion Audrain Ms. Cady Oct. 23 2017 Nathaniel Hawthorne s†¯The Scarlet Letter:†¯The Effects of Adversity Merriam-Webster s Dictionary defines adversity as, a state or instance of serious or continued difficulty or misfortune; ex. showing courage in the face of adversity (Merriam-Webster). Unfortunately, life is not fair. Sometimes, people are faced with serious misfortune and must adapt to survive. And sometimes in this state of adaption, the person will learn new skills from theRead MoreAre Women Destructive Forces?1674 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven her, but through the degree of her refusal to permit those adversities to direct her and decide who she ends up to be. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter in the early 1800’s about a disgraced woman who emerged from the shadows to alter the precise definition of the disgraceful letter â€Å"A† on her chest. Later, John Steinbeck composed Of Mice and Men in the 1930’s that depicted Curleys spouse as determined but also immensely egotistic, ultimately prompting his wife to turn into a destructiveRead MoreWhat Doesn t Kill You Makes You Stronger1299 Words   |  6 PagesCentury women did not have many rights. Most women were bound to their husbands and were not thought of as independent. A woman who spoke out and defied the community were sometimes put to death. Hester Prynne defies all laws that a woman would naturally have in the 1600’s. As Hester bears her punishment we see just how strong she really is. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, he depicts Hester Prynne as a strong independent woman which was not normal for the time period. Nathaniel HawthorneRead MoreHow Does Literature Shape American Culture?968 Words   |  4 Pagesin the world. The definition of American Literature is any literary work written in, or about The United States. The Great Gatsby, The Scarlet Letter, The Narrative of the Life of Fredric Douglass and various other works of literature are all pieces of American literature that have helped shape American society. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the sixteen hundreds. Hester Prynne is accused of committing adultery in her small puritan settlementRead MoreIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel?1456 Words   |  6 PagesAshley Noack M. Chau-Lee English 3H 11/ 13/14 Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel? A feminist is defined in the British Dictionary as a person who advocates equal rights for women. However incredulous it may sound, women had to fight for rights for equality in things such as politics, economics, and their personal affairs. If the revolutionary feminist concepts were surfacing in the time of Nathaniel Hawthorne, circa 1850, then how was it that he was inspired to write Hester’s character? HoweverRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne was set during the 1600s in a New England town during what is now known as the Puritan past of America. In the novel, the Puritan religion was not only observed but criticized as well. During this time, the Puritans were an extremely religious group of Protestants that were known for their intolerance of other religions and their strict guidelines for a righteous lifestyle that often lead to violence or cruel forms of punishment. Nathaniel Haw thorneRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter : The Objectification, Ostracization, And Targeting Of Women Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages The Scarlet Letter: The Objectification, Ostracization, and Targeting of Women. Kevin Sachtleben Harris- Period 3 â€Å"From the intense consciousness of being the object of severe and universal observation, the wearer of the scarlet letter was at length relieved, by discerning on the outskirts of the crowd a figure which irresistibly took possession of her thoughts.†(Hawthorne, 52). This quote from the top of page fifty two surrounds the most controversial event in the book from when Hester was

The Challenges Of Charter Schools In African American...

There are academic tutoring services in many African American urban schools across the country, along with districts that tailor their curriculum to fit the students. (Chapman, 2010, pp.651-654) Charter schools also offer a curriculum formatted toward the students and have more freedom from the bureaucratic echelon. There are only a small handful that have the same ideology or format as the Chicago study. The Chicago study gave students the benefits of learning social and business skills through BAM (Becoming A Man), a Youth Guidance program. This program is based on the premise that many urban youths lack general skills because they have not had a positive role model to guide them. Hence, the BAM program offers role models that are†¦show more content†¦Having an incentive program through government grants that donate to the school of the inmate’s child(ren) upon completion is another way to increase funding. Charter schools have proven to be successful in college preparation in African American urban areas (Ducoff, 2017), but this has not come without dissenting opinion from others. Jefferson County Public Schools in Louisville, Ky has been debating charter schools for many months after House Bill 520 was introduced. Gay Adelman, the co-founder of a group called Dear JCPS, says charters are a failed experiment, create a dual bureaucracy and can lead to forms of abuse. One of the arguments offered by the mayors in Louisville and Lexington was lack of control. This was resolved by adding an amendment in the bill giving the mayors power over the charter schools in their cities. Another argument from Jefferson County Public Schools was that charters will take funding from already suffering public schools. Rep. Mary Lou Marzian, a Louisville Democrat, said she was concerned that private financial interests could receive help from charter schools. Governor Bevins, of Kentucky, has been behind House Bill 520 and says, The argument that this is somehow a threat to our public education system is a lie... Im personally disgusted by the fact that the people who oppose this so adamantly continue at every turn ... to be passionateShow MoreRelatedEssay on Urban Education871 Words   |  4 Pagesissues in the urban schools like poor quality of education and segregation of schools by races. The great cause of these issues has been increase in immigrants and shifting patterns from rural areas to the urban areas. This has resulted in high concentration of the poor and minority students in the urban schools. These issues have necessitated the formation and application of the No Child Left Behind policy with a bet to better education system and standard in America. The African-American and HispanicRead MoreImpact Of Education On The American Education System1671 Words   |  7 Pageschanged in the American education system. 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The location of schools and that reflects in their studen ts, policies of the schools, and of the programs that they offer. LiteratureRead More Advancement of Civic Engagement by Community Foundations in Low Income African American Communities1598 Words   |  7 Pages The role of civic engagement in neighborhood revitalization, particularly in low income African American communities, has gained increased awareness and in recent years. Community, nonprofit, and government leaders now view civic engagement as a critical component of effective solutions as they seek to address crime, unemployment, low graduation rates and numerous other neighborhood challenges. Several successful initiatives have come to fruition and provide strong evidence of the benefitsRead More Jesus and Socrates Would Have Difficulty Surviving in America’s Public Education System1652 Words   |  7 Pagesimpediments on upward mobility connote the dwindling of the Protestant ethic an angle taken by Booker T. 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While white students made up eighty percent of the enrollment of my college-preparatory school, they constitutedRead MoreMath Context For Learning Information893 Words   |  4 Pagesor alter the prompts. Pages exceeding the maximum will not be scored. About the School Where You Are Teaching 1. In what type of school do you teach? (Type an â€Å"X† next to the appropriate description; if â€Å"other† applies, provide a brief description.) Elementary school: ___X__ Middle school: _____ Urban: __X___ Suburban: _____ Rural: _____ 2. List any special features of your school or classroom setting (e.g., charter, co-teaching, themed magnet, classroom aide, bilingual, team taught with a specialRead MoreWhy School Curriculum Should Be A Multicultural Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesthe people we serve. School curriculum should be something that is always evolving, for the simple fact that students who our public schools are serving learn differently and at times, come with a different set of cultural norms and experiences with them that may impact the way they learn. My K-12 school experience was in an urban environment that was predominantly African American. In my first three years of teaching my school demographic has been similar to my own school experience. I believeRead MoreThe Flat World And Education1716 Words   |  7 Pagesfailed to establish a system of education that prepares all children equally— especially children of color— for the rigors of working, living, and succeeding in the 21st century. As a result, the United States faces numerous foreign and domestic challenges that stem directly from the flaws in its current educational system. Without adopting a new educational system whose foundation ensures that all individuals have an equal opportunity to learn skills essential to succeeding in the world, the UnitedRead MoreEssay on The History of School Uniforms in the United States1218 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of school uniforms in the United States public schools begins with small underprivileged school of Cherr y Hill Elementary in Maryland and the domino effect that happened soon after in the years after. The popularity of school uniforms can greatly be credited to the Long Beach, California study and President Bill Clinton’s speech on the topic. At first, school uniforms were only for the private or Catholic private schools however the school uniform trend spread to other public schools to adopt

Sources of Finance Test Free Essays

Q1. Select the following factors to the appropriate statements, which can influence the choice of financing sources for any company? (PD) Equity is expensive as compared to Debt Sources for raising finance may be limited to a company Long-term finance may be expensive but secured The liquidity position of any company COST TIME ACCESSIBILITY GEARING (2 marks) Q2. A company is considering paying some of its debts using a short-term source of finance but is unable to decide which one to choose. We will write a custom essay sample on Sources of Finance Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following statements are given by the company finance director. Select the appropriate short-term source of finance according to the statements. (HA) â€Å"The company has to pay interest only on the overdrawn amount† LOAN OVERDRAFT BOTH â€Å"The finance will be documented by the finance provider indicating how much the company will pay each month† LOAN OVERDRAFT BOTH â€Å"If any covenants are breached the amount will instantly be repayable in full with interest† LOAN OVERDRAFT BOTH (2 marks) Q3. Kofi Co. has $15,000 loan taken from the bank at 12% interest over five years. What will be the amount of each payment if the payments are made half yearly and loan agreement allows gradual repayment? The answer to the nearest $. (FIB) 4419601841500$ (2 marks) Q4. Barney Co. has a current share price of $2.7/share has 8,000 ordinary shares. Barney is offering its shareholders two shares for every six ordinary shares at a 30% discount rate. What is the theoretical ex-rights price if assumed that all existing shareholders take up the share? (MCQ) $2 $2.3 $2.5 $2.7 (2 marks) Q5. Christmas Co. is currently in need of finance. The cash will be raised through three for every five right issue at 25% discount to its current share price which is $4.5. Christmas Co has in total issued 1 million shares with a $375,000 issue cost. Calculate the theoretical ex-rights price per share? (MCQ) $3.56 $3.94 $4.08 $4.31 (2 marks) Q6. Church Co. wants to invest in a project having a positive NPV. The company has no restriction to its sources of finance and has decided to issue one for every four right issue to its existing shareholders at a subsidized rate of 63% of the current share price of $6.2. The company has to issue 1 million shares with a $0.906 issue cost per share. Calculate the theoretical ex-rights price per share? (MCQ) $3.96 $4.28 $5.23 $5.56 (2 marks) Q7. Duero Co. is offering 1 for 5 right shares at a 20% discount to the current share price of $5.4/share. The company has in total 10,000 ordinary shares one of the shareholders Zing holds 2,000 ordinary shares of Duero Co. What should Zing not do? (MCQ) Take up the share Sell the right issue Do nothing Do everything (2 marks) Q8. Saco Co. has offered its current shareholders two for every four right shares at 26% discount to its current share price of $8.1/share. The company has in total 3,000 ordinary shares. Calculate the value of right? (FIB) 4216405778500$ (2 marks) Q9. Rues Co. is a listed company on the stock market. The Board of directors just agreed to acquire Fuse Co a competitor for $3 million and have agreed to buy using only equity finance. You are the head of the Treasury Department and the directors want an advice on which of the following sources of finance can be used? (MRQ) Using last years retained earnings reserve of $3.7m Issuing a right issue to its shareholders at 10% discount Issuing scrip dividends of $3.3m A bank loan of $4m at 5% interest paid annually (2 marks) Q10. Which of the following reasons would be for a newly listed company to obtain finance from the general public? (MRQ) Access to a wider pool of finance Enhancement of company image Marketability of shares Possible future growth (2 marks) Q11. Which of the following equity sources of finance will be selected if the following factors are taken into consideration? (HA) Cost (Cheapest) PLACING RIGHTS ISSUE PUBLIC OFFER Control (No loss) PLACING RIGHTS ISSUE PUBLIC OFFER Price of shares (Highest) PLACING RIGHTS ISSUE PUBLIC OFFER (2 marks) Q12. Which of the following is a key feature of debt as a source of finance? (MCQ) Interest must be paid irrespective of the level of profits Debt holders are repaid last in the case of liquidation Debt holders hold full voting rights Debt holders have high levels of risk, compared to providers of other sources of finance, and therefore debt attracts the highest return (2 marks) Q13. The following statements indicate which sources of bonds? (HA) A debt instrument backed by the reputation of the issuer DEBENTURES DEEP DISCOUNT ZERO DISCOUNT A bond which requires no interest DEBENTURES DEEP DISCOUNT ZERO DISCOUNT A bond sold lower than its face value DEBENTURES DEEP DISCOUNT ZERO DISCOUNT (2 marks) Q14. Which of the following characteristic differentiates Loan notes with a warrant with Convertible loan notes? (MCQ) The minimization of the negative investor interpretation The option to subscribe a number of shares at maturity An option to subscribe predetermined shares at a predetermined cost The option is hidden in the loan notes (2 marks) Q15. What does the term Riba refer to in Islamic sources of finance? (MCQ) A lease contract A sale on credit A partnership agreement in which any profit/loss is divided equally A predetermined percentage set by the lender received above the principal amount (2 marks) Q16. Select the appropriate option. (HA) In a Mudaraba contract, the Rabb-ul-mal will bear all the losses TRUE FALSE In Musharaka contract, all parties must provide equal work TRUE FALSE In Ijara contract, the lessor can gift the asset to the lessee without any documentation TRUE FALSE (2 marks) Q17. Which of the following is the best statement to describe a Sukuk bond? (MCQ) An equity in Islamic finance where profits are pre-agreed A lease in Islamic finance where lessor retains ownership of the asset A trade credit in Islamic finance where pre-agreed on markup is agreed in advance for the convenience of paying later A bond in Islamic finance where bondholder owns the asset and its risk reward (2 marks) Q18. Which of the following is/are handicaps faced by the small-medium entities? (MRQ) The business has no history available nor any long track record Banks are hesitant to invest in these entities due to limited securities Maturity Gap Shares can be placed privately (2 marks) Q19. Any wealthy individual or a particular group can directly invest in a small business. Which of the following does the above definition belong to? (MCQ) Owner Financing Equity Financing Business Angel Financing Supply chain Financing (2 marks) Q20. Which of the following relates to a government aid given to small-medium entities? (MCQ) Loan Schemes Crowd Funding Peer to Peer Funding Venture Capital (2 marks) Q21. The statements given below relate to small-medium entities. Are statements true or false? (HA) A funding gap is a common problem for SME’s TRUE FALSE The medium-term loan is difficult for SME’s due to maturity gap TRUE FALSE (2 marks) Q22. â€Å"It is a series of tax relief to encourage investments in small unquoted companies carrying a qualifying trade†. The definition above relates to? (MCQ) Enterprise investment scheme Venture capital Share incentive scheme Loan guarantee scheme (2 marks) SOURCES OF FINANCE (ANSWERS) Q1. Equity is expensive as compared to Debt COST Sources for raising finance may be limited to a company ACCESSIBILITY Long-term finance may be expensive but secured TIME The liquidity position of any company GEARING Q2. â€Å"The company has to pay interest only on the overdrawn amount† OVERDRAFT â€Å"The finance will be documented by the finance provider indicating how much the company will pay each month† LOAN â€Å"If any covenants are breached the amount will instantly be repayable in full with interest† BOTH Q3. $2,655 12% annuity factor for 10 repayments = 5.650 Payment amount = 15,000 à · 5.650 = $2,655 Q4. C Issue price = $2.7 Ãâ€" 70% = $1.89 TERP = [(6Ãâ€"2.7) + (2Ãâ€"1.89)] à · (6+2) = $2.5 Q5. B Issue price = $4.5 Ãâ€" 75% = $3.375 Issue cost = $375,000 à · 1,000,000 = $0.375 Issue price = $3.375 – $0.375 = $3 TERP = [(5Ãâ€"4.5) + (3Ãâ€"3)] à · (5+3) = $3.94 Q6. D Issue price = $6.2 Ãâ€" 63% = $3.906 Issue price = $3.906 – $0.906 = $3 TERP = [(4Ãâ€"6.2) + (1Ãâ€"3)] à · (1+4) = $5.56 Q7. C Issue price = $5.4 Ãâ€" 80% = $4.32 TERP = [(5Ãâ€"5.4) + (1Ãâ€"4.32)] à · (1+5) = $5.22 Take up the share Wealth (2,400 shares Ãâ€" $5.22) = $12,528 Payment (400 shares Ãâ€" $4.32) = ($1,728) Total = $10,800 Sell the share Wealth (2,000 shares Ãâ€" $5.22) = $10,440 Payment (400 shares Ãâ€" $0.9) = $360 Total = $10,800 Do nothing Wealth (2,000 shares Ãâ€" $5.22) = $10,440 Q8. $0.702 Issue price = $8.1 Ãâ€" 74% = $5.994 TERP = [(4Ãâ€"8.1) + (2Ãâ€"5.994)] à · (2+4) = $7.398 Value of right = $8.1 – $7.398 = $0.702 Q9. Using last years retained earnings reserve of $3.7m (Equity) Issuing a right issue to its shareholders at 10% discount (Equity) Issuing scrip dividends of $3.3m (Dividend policy) A bank loan of $4m at 5% interest paid annually (Debt) Q10. All reasons Q11. Cost (Cheapest) PLACING Control (No loss) RIGHTS ISSUE Price of shares (Highest) PUBLIC OFFER Q12. A Q13. A debt instrument backed by the reputation of the issuer DEBENTURES A bond which requires no interest ZERO DISCOUNT A bond sold lower than its face value DEEP DISCOUNT Q14. C The minimization of the negative investor interpretation (Advantage) The option to subscribe a number of shares at maturity (Feature of Convertible loan note) An option to subscribe predetermined shares at predetermined cost (Amount to be paid in Loan notes with a warrant) The option is hidden in the loan notes (Hidden in Convertible loan notes) Q15. D A lease contract (Ijara) A sale on credit (Murabaha) A partnership agreement in which any profit/loss is divided equally (Musharaka) A predetermined percentage set by the lender received above the principal amount (Riba) Q16. In a Mudaraba contract, the Rabb-ul-mal will bear all the losses TRUE In Musharaka contract, all parties must provide equal work FALSE In Ijara contract, the lessor can gift the asset to the lessee without any documentation FALSE Q17. D An equity in Islamic finance where profits are pre-agreed (Mudaraba) A lease in Islamic finance where lessor retains ownership of the asset (Ijara) A trade credit in Islamic finance where pre-agreed on markup is agreed in advance for the convenience of paying later (Murabaha) A bond in Islamic finance where bondholder owns the asset and its risk reward (Sukuk) Q18. The business has no history available nor any long track record (Handicap) Banks are hesitant to invest in these entities due to limited securities (Handicap) Maturity Gap, Mismatching of maturity of assets liabilities (Handicap) Shares can be placed privately (Advantage) Q19. C Owner Financing, Finance from personal resources Equity Financing, Finance via privately placed shares Business Angel Financing Supply chain Financing, Financing by selling invoices at a small discount in order to obtain the cash in advance of the invoice due date Q20. A Loan Schemes, Some governments may provide loan schemes to facilitate lending to viable businesses that have been turned down for a normal commercial loan due to a lack of security or a proven track record Crowd Funding, Raising money from a large number of people Peer to Peer Funding, the Alternate name for Crowd Funding Venture Capital, Funding by private companies Q21. A funding gap is a common problem for SME’s TRUE The medium term loan is difficult for SME’s due to maturity gap TRUE The funding gap is the shortfall in the capital during its operations which is a common problem for SME’s. Mismatching of maturity of assets ; liabilities is known as maturity gap which does not provide suitable security for a medium-term loan. Q22. A How to cite Sources of Finance Test, Papers

Madness In Shakespeares Hamlet Essays - Characters In Hamlet

Madness in Shakespeare's Hamlet Madness may be ?mental incapacity caused by an unmentionable injury.? Such wounds often are not easily perceived but may be revealed in time of stress. Hamlet's question, ?have you a daughter(Act II. Sc2 182) Polonius about the Prince's emotional state. What is hidden will surely be told to Cloudius by his adviser. Laertes' search for revenge is sharper proof that madness in degrees of publicity causes harm to the observers. Claudius promise ?no wind of blame?(Act IV, Sc.7,66) once Laertes kills Hamlet; perhaps this is what the uncle has sought all along for himself. Ophelia has a unique, very powerful form of madness; she seems caught as a ?baker's daughter,"(Act IV, Sc. 5, 42) between memories of her father and Hamlet who ought have spokedn to her of events on ?Valentine's day."(Act IV, Sc 5, 48) She is doubly hexed and the madness she has infects the whole court. Once a person's mental state has been studied in public, there is no telling the injuries which may affect the viewers. Ever since the death of King Hamlet young Hamlet has been what appeared to be in a state of madness. In a discussion between Hamlet and Polonius Hamlet questions Polonius by asking him ?have you a daughter.?(Act II, Sc.2, 182) In this discussion Hamlet shows antic behavior towards Polonius by mocking him when Hamlet would usually show great respect for him because of he age and heis high position in the court. This sudden question to Polonius has caused Polonius to believe that Hamlet has a form of love-sickness and that Polonius is sure to tell Claudius of his condition. Hamlet also accuses Polonius of being the ?Jephthah, judge of Israel,?(Act II,Sc.2, 399) meaning that Polonius would put his country in front of his daughter. Hamlet has now convinced Polonius that he is in a state of madness because he knows that Polonius cares for his daughter very much and would never put her second. By convincing Polonius that he has no consideration for the well-being of others, Hamlet is then hoping that Polonius will tell the court of his emotional madness. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has developed a different kind of madness, a madness that is controlled by revenge. When Laertes is talking to Claudius, Laertes gets so much revenge building up inside him against Hamlet that Laertes now wants to ?cut his throat.?(Act 4,Sc.7,125) Laertes' behavior is caused by the sudden death of his father who was without a due ceremony, and his sister who has been driven mad, has contributed to the madness that is being built up inside Laertes. This madness grows even stronger when Claudius promises ?no wind of blame?(Act IV.Sc7,66) when Laertes kills Hamlet. With Claudius being the puppet holder and Laertes being the puppet, Claudius turns Laertes into a savage beast to avenge for his fathers' death; perhaps this is what the Claudius has planned all along. Laertes has a form of madness that is escalating because Laertes knows that he has the capabilities and motivation to act on what he believes on. Ophelia has a unique form of madness unlike Hamlet's and Laertes' because it a mixture of love and hate. An example of hate is when she sings about a ?baker's daughter.?(Act IV,Sc.5,42) Ophelia is referring to the way her father used to treat her before the tragic incident of his death. A love within her madness is when she speaks about the events on ?Valentine's day.?(Act IV, Sc.5,48) When Ophelia speaks about Valentines day she is referring to the events of romance that she was denied. Ophelia's madness is brought on by her lack of being able to demonstrate any maturity in trying to cope with her losses and in return can only inflict her madness on the court. By stating that Hamlet could have controlled his fraudulent madness, he then had the capability of controlling his conscious mind into acting traditional. Where Laertes was very influential by others and had no real control over the mental state he was developing by the sway of Claudius. Ophelia was the most innocent victim of all because she was the side affect of everyone else's actions and had no idea that she