Health epidemiology & statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Health epidemiology & statistics - Essay Example It results from the Hepatitis C virus or the HCV. Although the infection is usually asymptomatic, its chronic phase is characterized by a scarred liver and the subsequent development of liver cirrhosis. This takes place after many years (Butt et al., 2010). Some of the key methods through which it is spread include blood-to-blood contact that may result from poor sterilization of medical equipment, intravenous use of drugs and transfusions. About 150 to 200 million people are infected with Hepatitis C all over the world. It is known to infect only human beings and chimpanzees. The virus is persistent in the liver of 85% of those who have been infected. Although there is no immunity against the disease, it can be treated and cured. However, there is still a high and increasing morbidity, co-morbidities, and mortality of the disease (Sweeting, De Angelis, Ades, & Hickman, 2009). The main factors that are associated with this are people, place and time, which form a significant part of the transmission mechanism. In relation to the people, there must be a susceptible host, who must have the necessary conditions of host defenses to enable disease prevention. There is also an important component of place, which refers to the availability of a conducive site for the microbial agent to adhere, enter and infect thus causing the disease within the susceptible host. In terms of time, the natural settings provide a favorable environment for the agent to multiply and survive within the reservoir (Panduro et al., 2010). APN affects the primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions of hepatitis C in the sense that it provides both individual and population prevention methods. Different strategies can be applied in the counselling, screening and therapeutic methods. Butt, S., Idrees, M., Akbar, H., ur Rehman, I., Awan, Z.,

Same-Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Same-Sex Marriage - Essay Example It is a social ordinal issue for what family life is being strongly affected through these transformations. The changing trends of family life are hazardous for long term family and social issue. The most emerging trend in most of the western countries is gay or lesbian marriage (Moats and David 32). The psychological disorder is basically reported behind the phenomenon. It is not natural hence it must not be permissible by law. However, the organizations supporting for human rights believe that everyone has the right to spend his or her life according to their own wishes and aspirations. There are many medical issues related with this case. It although is not taken as a good sign whether if it is permissible by law. The countries in which it is permissible are Brazil, Argentine, Spain, Sweden, Canada, South Africa and Mexico (West and Robin 45). The religious aspect of same sex marriage is divergent to the permission. Almost every religious teaching is against these sorts of marriages. It is backed by a complete campaign. The supporters are in support as a collective cohesion in the society. However it is psychologically, medically and socially ill proven phenomenon since long. The premiers of these marriages were not even aware of adverse consequences of this issue (Dryden and Caroline). The social disorders and family structure mismatch issues are associated with same sex marriage exclusively. A number of organizations are working to make these marriages banned across because of increasing damages being reported in the last decade. It is very dangerous for social systems and values. It is sign of anxiety in the people’s minds that makes them forced to do this (Olsen and Allene 11). According to Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Lesbian Gay Bisexual (LGB) persons usually suffer from adverse psychiatry disorders of disparity. These inferiority complexes further are transmitted to the children they adopt.

The Anchoress of England: Julian of Norwichs Portrait of Christ as Mot

The Anchoress of England: Julian of Norwich's Portrait of Christ as Mother      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When speaking of medieval literature, Chaucer, Gower and Langland are quite often the most noted. However, recent studies have provided modern scholars with a wide variety of medieval women writers from all over Europe and a few in England. The most widely anthologized English female writer is Julian of Norwich. Julian was an anchoress, and as Marcelle Thiebaux notes, "The anchorite movement was widespread in England from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries. Both men and women chose this extreme form of asceticism, which was favored and encouraged by the crown, the church, and the laity. Anchorholds were small, narrow cells attached to churches or friaries" (442). 1[1] The process of becoming an anchoress was difficult and complicated, but suffice it to say that after the process was completed "the anchoress was sealed up, never to re-emerge into the world. Penance, meditation, reading, and in some cases writing were the anchorite's sole activities" (Thiebaux 442).   This was the case for Julian of Norwich. She was "well read in Scripture, dwelling especially on the Psalms, the gospels, and the epistles of Paul and John, ...and was the first English woman to write a book" (Thiebaux 443-44). Her Book of Showings to the Anchoress Julian of Norwich 2[2]   possesses literary and religious value, and the work lends itself quite naturally to a feminist reading. In her clear, lucid, prose style, combined with the images of the medieval mystic, Julian establishes herself as an independent, female religious authority and she gives a staunch affirmation of the divinity of God with this unique view point: the motherhood of God.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In her fi... ...7. All biblical references come from the Geneva Bible (which is based on the Jerome Bible) but were checked and crossed referenced with the Jerome Bible with help of Professor Behunin as the Jerome Bible is in Latin. 7[7] It is interesting to note that there might be a biblical correlation to the hazelnut. The name Hazel appears in the Bible, and in Jewish the name Hazel is a feminine name and means "one who sees God." ( Harrison, R.K. Biblical Hebrew England: Hodder & Stoughton, 1986.) 8[8] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Trans. Marie Borroff. Norton Anthology of British Literature Vol. 1, New York: WW Norton, 1993. 9[9] The "five fives" as they are known in medieval literature and religion can be found in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Trans. Marie Borroff. Norton Anthology of British Literature Vol. 1, New York: WW Norton, 1993, lines 640-654.   

The Great Gatsby has been described as a definitive record of the glamorous side of the Jazz Age

The Great Gatsby is full of lavish spending, huge parties and all round hedonistic enjoyment, showing a ‘definitive record of the glamorous side’ of the 1920s on every level. America in the 1920s had the highest living standard in the world, the United States owned around 40% of the entire world’s wealth, with this money the established rich spent their time living a glamorous lifestyle. In the 1920s the class of the established rich certainly knew how to be glamorous, as Fitzgerald shows through Daisy and Tom Buchanan. The Buchanan’s house was ‘more elaborate’ then Nick expected, it was a ‘Georgian Colonial mansion,’ and they also had luxury items such as a ‘motor boat’ and ‘horses.’ Tom obviously took pride in his house and processions, saying that he has ‘got a nice place.’ The money was also spent immorally; they always seem to have a plentiful amount of alcohol, like ‘the cocktails’ which Tom drank like ‘it was a drop on the bottom of a glass’ showing he must drink a lot. This alcohol was bought illegally as prohibition was in place from 1920 to 1933 which banned the manufacture, sale and transportation of liquor in the USA. RACISM Not only did the established rich have luxury items, they also did not work for their money, giving them plenty of free time to spend as they please, Jordan Baker had enough time to take up golfing, and ‘play in tournaments.’ Yet with all this money and free time the Buchanan’s lives are unfulfilled as they have spiritual goals, Daisy is unhappy in life and questions her purpose in life by saying ‘What shall we do this afternoon? And the day after? And the next thirty years?’ this showing the darker side to the 1920s. Fitzgerald shows glamour through Gatsby’s extravagant parties, Gatsby is new money as he worked for his money. From Gatsby’s ridiculous quantities of oranges to ‘the orchestra’ which played at his parties, Gatsby made sure that his parties were glamorous. At first Gatsby’s parties seem magical, as Gatsby’s ‘blue gardens were alive with the whispering and the champagne and the stars.’ The ‘floating rounds of cocktails permeated the garden’ and the ‘air was alive with chatter and laughter,’ everybody seemed to be having a fantastic time. Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda would have known first-hand how glamorous these jazz age parties were as they often attended them and they lived a glamorous life style. Yet underneath the glamour of Gatsby’s parties we see the bleaker side of the 1920s. Fitzgerald shows the work put in to the parties, to make the orange juice a butler had to press ‘a little button†¦ two hundred times.’ After the parties ‘eight servants†¦ toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes†¦ repairing the ravages of the night before,’ as the party guests left so much destruction in their way. Gatsby’s parties may be glamorous but he paid a great deal to make them this way. It is alleged that Gatsby made his money immorally, by bootlegging, Tom suggests this when he said ‘I picked him for a bootlegger the first time I saw him.’ It was easy to make money illegally in the 1920’s, due to prohibition many found it easy to sell alcohol over the counter or to speakeasies, which were secret bars in the 1920s, these people were often called bootleggers. This was an illegal way of getting the money; showing unglamorous, illegal acts were done to make these glamorous parties. Therefore alcohol in Gatsby’s parties was plentiful, he even had his own bar, but this alcohol led to carelessness as owl eyes was ‘drunk for about a week’ and alcohol also lead to recklessness in the form of car crashes, and violent actions with women ‘kicking off into the night, dragged away by men said to be their husbands.’ Gatsby paid a great amount of money but did the guests really care about their host? Nick was ‘one of the few guests, who had actually been invited,’ and of all of the guests who were at Gatsby’s parties only one came to his funeral, this shows the caring attitude and shallowness of people in the 1920s. Despite the unprecedented economic growth and excessive glamorous spending during the 1920s, the gap between rich and poor became increasingly prevalent. As most of the characters are very wealthy the rich and glamorous atmosphere defines the novel’s tone, the focus on the upper class lifestyle gives the novel a mood of extravagance. However, this society is contrasted with the poverty of those living near the Valley of Ashes; which is based on T.S Elliott’s poem ‘The Wasteland’. Like Elliott’s wasteland, the Valley of Ashes is a hideous image of a spiritually dead world, a symbol of the collapse of moral values after the chaos of the war. In the Great Gatsby we see how the Wilson’s live, which is a stark contrast from the Buchannan’s glamorous lifestyle. Nick could not believe that the Wilson’s lived in such a place, he thought the ‘garage must be a blind, and that sumptuous and romantic apartments were concealed overhead. ’ Their lifestyle is so unglamorous; it gives the darker side of the Jazz age. Myrtle Wilson tried hard to climb the classes by having an affair with Tom Buchannan, but even the apartment he provides for her is small and Tom treats her badly, he even breaks her nose, in his eyes she will always be lower than Daisy. George also tries very hard to make his money honestly, when Tom comes in he is so eager to have some business, George is a failure of the American Dream, he will never achieve the glamorous lifestyle he wants to provide.

Fast Food Is Better Than Healthier Choices - 886 Words

What is one thing almost everyone has eaten at some point in their life? The answer to this question is fast food. Just in the United States there are over 200,000 fast food companies that make over 190 billion dollars a year. Although millions of people consume fast food, what are they really eating? I believe that fast food, as well as most processed food, is a problem that often goes unnoticed. Fast food does have several benefits to people. The first one would be that it is quick. Sometimes it is impossible to make food at home if you are driving all day, working, or at school. It is much simpler to drive to a McDonald’s or Wendy’s, and order something that will be ready in a few minutes. The next benefit is that fast food is often cheap. A burger and fries will usually cost around four or five dollars, which is reasonable for most people. It is often cheaper than healthier choices. Fast food is also convenient, since they are located almost everywhere in the countr y, and often you can find a couple McDonald’s or Wendy’s within a few minutes of each other. Fast food restaurants are beneficial to someone who doesn’t feel like cooking, or can’t cook. The last benefit is that fast food taste good. A lot of people who eat fast food do so because they enjoy the taste of it. Fast food may have several benefits but it also comes with disadvantages. Often fast food contains ingredients that most people haven’t heard of before. For example, eggs contain ingredients such asShow MoreRelatedFood Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pageschoose nutritious alternatives to preserved and fast food products. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how this can â€Å"healthy lifestyle† can be obtained. Whereas some are convinced that trusting yourself and your body will lead to better choices, others maintain that eating food in moderation and more fruits and vegetables is the best path to choose. â€Å"Today, more than 95% of all chronic disease is caused by food choice, toxic food ingredients, nutritional deficiencies andRead MoreThe Importance Of Fast Food1157 Words   |  5 PagesFast food has been increasingly popular throughout the twenty-first century because of its sacrifice of health for speed, but that has recently started to change. â€Å"Fast casual† is the idea of a more casual restaurant atmosphere with healthier food, slightly higher prices, and a better overall experience. The transition to a more innovative fast casual mind set has spurred an increasing popularity across the country. Rising awareness in society has helped dawn the rise of the fast casual industryRead MoreMcdonalds vs Wendys944 Words   |  4 Pagesmore conscientious with their choices of foods they consume; but the twenty- first century demands convenience where fast food restaurants incorporates ones needs for quick, easy, and , inexpensive food. Sadly, the majority of this type of food can be a very unhealthy food choice. Fast food restaurants typically offer high fat processed foods. In defense to this stereotype, two of the most popular fast food restaurants, Wendy’s and McDonald’s, are now offering choices low in carbohydrates and saturatedRead MoreFast Food Restaurant s Cause Obesity1259 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagestoday’s society think that fast food restaurant s cause obesity, but they most likely do not. It is a person’s choice of what they put in their body. Even though thousands of fast food restaurants have to follow certain pricing standards, their cheap food is usually unhealthy and their expensive food is usually healthy, the amount of individual responsibility depends on whether you keep your weight normal or if you don’t pay attention to your weight, and the amount of fast food restaurants responsibilityRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity917 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity, along with childhood obesity, has become an even bigger issue in the past thirty years and will continue to be a problem until it is better addressed. According to Sarah Muntel, 33.8 percent of the U.S population is affected by obesity (1). That is about one third of America’s citizens, meaning that approximately one third of Americans are suffering or will suffer major he alth problems aside from being obese. Amaya Mandel stated, â€Å"obesity is linked to several long term health conditionsRead MoreHome Cooked Meals And Fast Food Meals882 Words   |  4 PagesHome Cooked Meals verses Fast Food Meals Every individual must make choices each day, whether the choices are consciously made or made with definite thought. One daily choice that individuals must make in relation to lifestyle and diet is choosing between a home cooked meal or a fast food meal. There are many positive and negative aspects of both home cooked meals and fast food meals. Home cooked meals are a far better choice because of the benefits it gives to one’s lifestyle. Convenience is aRead MoreFast Food Has Been Around Since Before 1950 And Has Only1311 Words   |  6 PagesFast food has been around since before 1950 and has only grown in popularity since. One of the first and now most popular fast food restaurant is McDonalds. Opened by the McDonald brothers in 1948 as a small restaurant chain in California was soon transformed by Ray Kroc into the corporation many Americans know today as McDonald s. After the opening and growth of McDonald s, many other restaurants began to follow the same system as them. This resulted in Wendy s, Burger King, the growth of WhiteRead MoreObesity in Texas Children Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesin Texas, since children are not aware of the serious consequences of being obese. Therefore, Texas should find ways to prevent obesity by authorizing healthier school lunches and allowing a school program to help obese children lose weight. Also, television advertisements are influencing obese children to make unhealthy choices. Allowing healthier school lunches will decrease obesity in children because it will give them the proper nutrition to reduce the risk of health issues. Since obesity causesRead MoreChildhood Expectancy And Its Effects On Our Health936 Words   |  4 PagesBecause of the choices we are making, we are getting sick. Behavior and diet are two characteristics that can change that. The documentary was based on four different districts in Louisville, Kentucky. It used real people to go into details on how each social class affects our health. District 16 is considered the rich area where the people that made six figures lived. The people in this area do not have to worry about fast food or bad food choices because most of them have chefs. Health problemsRead MoreThe Swot Analysis Helps You To Have A Better Foresight1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe SWOT analysis helps you to have a better foresight of awareness of what your strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats entail to know what direction to better utilize strategies to approach a project, such as an obesity initiative, in order to have a successful outcome. S Acknowledgment that there is an obesity problem Community leaders, schools, and healthcare organizations working together to combat obesity Initiating of obesity educational workshops and wellness programs Increased

What Does Diamagnetic Mean in Chemistry

There are different forms of magnetism, a list that includes ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism. Key Takeaways: Diamagnetism A diamagnetic substance does not have unpaired electrons and is not attracted to a magnetic field.All materials display diamagnetism, but to be diamagnetic, this must be the only contribution to its magnetic behavior.Examples of diamagnetic materials include water, wood, and ammonia. Diamagnetism In chemistry and physics, to be diamagnetic indicates that a substance contains no unpaired electrons  and is not attracted to a magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a quantum mechanical effect that is found in all materials, but for a substance to be termed diamagnetic it must be the only contribution to the matters magnetic effect. A diamagnetic material has a permeability less than that of a vacuum. If the substance is placed in a magnetic field, the direction of its induced magnetism will be opposite to that of iron (a ferromagnetic material), producing a repulsive force. In contrast, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials are attracted to magnetic fields. Sebald Justinus Brugmans first observed diamagnetism in 1778, noting antimony and bismuth were repelled by magnets. Michael Faraday coined the terms diamagnetic and diamagnetism to describe the property of repulsion in a magnetic field. Examples Diamagnetism is seen in water, wood, most organic molecules, copper, gold, bismuth, and superconductors. Most living organisms are essentially diamagnetic. NH3 is diamagnetic because all the electrons in NH3 are paired. Usually, diamagnetism is so weak it can only be detected by special instruments.  However, diamagnetism is strong enough in  superconductors  to be readily  apparent. The effect is used to make materials appear to levitate. Another demonstration of diamagnetism may be seen using water and a super magnet (such as a rare earth magnet). If a powerful magnet is covered with a layer of water that is thinner than the diameter of the magnet, the magnetic field repels the water. The minor dimple formed in the water may be viewed by reflection in the waters surface. Sources Jackson, Roland. John Tyndall and the Early History of Diamagnetism. Annals of Science. Kittel, Charles. ,Introduction to Solid State Physics 6th edition. John Wiley Sons.Landau, L.D. Diamagnetismus der Metalle. Zeitschrift fà ¼r Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei.

Women During The Civil War - 1523 Words

There were many famous names from the Civil War, some of the more notable names were: Ulysses S. Grant, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, and George Custer. These names are synonymous with great generals who fought great battles during the war, but what about Sarah Emma Edmonds, Clara Burton, Dorthea Dix, Rose O’Neal Greenhow, and Loreta Janeta Velazquez? These names are not as known as their male counterparts, but these ladies of the Civil War Era did their part to aide their respective sides in the war. What these and other women did during the civil war may not seem as important, but without their skills, knowledge, and actions some of the great battles might have gone the other way. The Civil War marked a turning point for women and their†¦show more content†¦The information that she reported was invaluable in the Union’s siege of Yorktown in 1862. Although the exact number of nurses that served in the Civil War is not known, it is estimated that betw een 2,000-5,000 ladies served as nurses. The nurse’s job was not an easy one, they assisted surgeons during surgery, they cleaned and fed the troops that were in recovery, they would bandage wounds and dispense medicine to those that needed it. Some of the more notable nurses are: Dorothea Dix- part of the founders of the US Sanitation Committee, Clara Burton-founder of American Red Cross, Louis May Alcott, and Helen Gilson. Clara Burton, also known as the â€Å"Angel of the Battlefield†, started out working in the federal government in the patent office. She was the first woman to ever hold senior clerkship, but once the war broke out, she gave up her job and went to help tend to the sick and wounded soldiers. She earned her nickname by riding around the battlefield delivering supplies and helping soldiers wherever she went. Due to her hard work, in 1864 she was appointed to Superintendent of the Female Nurses for the Union Army. Later, she was appointed by President Show MoreRelatedWomen During The Civil War1049 Words   |  5 PagesFor Civil War women in the 1860s it was predictable wisdom that a â€Å"woman’s place is in the home,† but the Civil War challenged this view. There were many women who played an important role in the Civil War. It is normal to think the Civil War was a man’s fight. However during the war, many women challenged the role of the women and took on different roles. While the men marched off to war, the women had to work hard and try to provide for their families. Women became doctors, spies, nurses, couriersRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War altered the lives of women, in both the North and South, just as it altered the nation as a whole. Although it is irrefutable that both the North and the South felt the wrath of the war, the South encountered a unique set of troubles that caused the weight of the war to fall predominantly on Southern women. Attempting to understand the experiences of all Southern women during the Civil War does not come without its challenges. It is impossible to connect the stories and experiencesRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War has often been referred to as the war between brothers, but when the war started women were still expected to stay at home and take care of the house and children, with little to no income. Many stories that originated from the Civil War talk about the battlefront and not the home front. This leaves us wondering what the spouses of the soldiers did to survive, especially if they had multiple children in the home. We do not know what women did during the war and if they had any impactRead MoreWomen During The Civil War2024 Words   |  9 PagesIn the 1860’s, American society during the war was of two minds. To fully illustrate the discontent and anger felt for the war, analysis of the personal accounts of women during the Civil War will be introduced in this writing. The personal accounts include diary excerpts and letters, as well as an illustration produced at the time of the war. The wavering of unity on both the South and North due to the separation of family and the destruction of the United States and its individuals set the toneRead MoreWomen During The Civil War2226 Words   |  9 Pagesof women in society have always been a topic for debate. Some think women should be in the kitchen cooking meal and having lots children. Others feel that women can contribute to society in ways that are not a part of the family home, but outside the in board rooms and operating rooms. This paper is going to argue how chauvinistic thoughts of women helped propel the female gender into great spies during the civil war. During the era of the civil war attitudes of women spying during a war wasRead MoreWomen During The Civil War Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesworld dominated by men, women had been forced to comply with so ciety s blinding notion that they were pieces of property meant to play the domesticated role of a dutiful housewife. This was true up until the late 1840s when women began to realize their worth was so much more than a floor-moping, dinner-making, stain-bleaching slave to six children and an ungrateful husband. That may sound rash and some situations may have been different, but before the civil war these women did not have the opportunitiesRead MoreWomen During The Civil War3240 Words   |  13 PagesThe American Civil War was a time of pronounced racial and gender role changes. Despite political tension and fighting, many women began to hold a variety of jobs in order to make valuable contributions to the war effort. Moreover, a patriarchal government governed the effects of slavery and the economy. Nonetheless, the influence women had during the Civil War tends to be minimized, especially African American women. Despite facing discrimination, black women greatly influenced the war effort. TheRead MoreWomen During The Civil War Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesworld dominated by men, women had been forced to comply with society s blinding notion that they were pieces of property meant to play the domesticated role of a dutiful housewife. This was true up until the late 1840s when women began to realize their worth was so much more than a floor-moping, dinner-making, stain-bleaching slave to six children and an ungrateful husband. That may sound rash and some situations may have been different, but before the civil war these women did not have the opportunitiesRead MoreWomen During The Civil War997 Words   |  4 PagesMany people believe that women did not play any essential roles in our country’s history until the 1960s. However, this is not the case. Women have played many vital roles in suffrage movements as attempts to shed light upon or cure many of the ills of American society throughout American history. As an example, women fought to change the course and ideologies that were bestowed upon them by the traditional viewpoints of society of the time. The status of women was shifting rapidly in the ProgressiveRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1336 Words   |  6 Pages Women have been increasingly praised for having excellent skills for leadership. Women, more than men, manifest leadership styles associated with effective performance as leaders. However, more people prefer male than female bosses. That has made it more difficult for women to become leaders and to succeed in male-dominated leadership roles. An American woman in the workforce is often overlooked when studying the progress of American society. American women have gone through struggles