Madness In Shakespeares Hamlet Essays - Characters In Hamlet

Madness in Shakespeare's Hamlet Madness may be ?mental incapacity caused by an unmentionable injury.? Such wounds often are not easily perceived but may be revealed in time of stress. Hamlet's question, ?have you a daughter(Act II. Sc2 182) Polonius about the Prince's emotional state. What is hidden will surely be told to Cloudius by his adviser. Laertes' search for revenge is sharper proof that madness in degrees of publicity causes harm to the observers. Claudius promise ?no wind of blame?(Act IV, Sc.7,66) once Laertes kills Hamlet; perhaps this is what the uncle has sought all along for himself. Ophelia has a unique, very powerful form of madness; she seems caught as a ?baker's daughter,"(Act IV, Sc. 5, 42) between memories of her father and Hamlet who ought have spokedn to her of events on ?Valentine's day."(Act IV, Sc 5, 48) She is doubly hexed and the madness she has infects the whole court. Once a person's mental state has been studied in public, there is no telling the injuries which may affect the viewers. Ever since the death of King Hamlet young Hamlet has been what appeared to be in a state of madness. In a discussion between Hamlet and Polonius Hamlet questions Polonius by asking him ?have you a daughter.?(Act II, Sc.2, 182) In this discussion Hamlet shows antic behavior towards Polonius by mocking him when Hamlet would usually show great respect for him because of he age and heis high position in the court. This sudden question to Polonius has caused Polonius to believe that Hamlet has a form of love-sickness and that Polonius is sure to tell Claudius of his condition. Hamlet also accuses Polonius of being the ?Jephthah, judge of Israel,?(Act II,Sc.2, 399) meaning that Polonius would put his country in front of his daughter. Hamlet has now convinced Polonius that he is in a state of madness because he knows that Polonius cares for his daughter very much and would never put her second. By convincing Polonius that he has no consideration for the well-being of others, Hamlet is then hoping that Polonius will tell the court of his emotional madness. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has developed a different kind of madness, a madness that is controlled by revenge. When Laertes is talking to Claudius, Laertes gets so much revenge building up inside him against Hamlet that Laertes now wants to ?cut his throat.?(Act 4,Sc.7,125) Laertes' behavior is caused by the sudden death of his father who was without a due ceremony, and his sister who has been driven mad, has contributed to the madness that is being built up inside Laertes. This madness grows even stronger when Claudius promises ?no wind of blame?(Act IV.Sc7,66) when Laertes kills Hamlet. With Claudius being the puppet holder and Laertes being the puppet, Claudius turns Laertes into a savage beast to avenge for his fathers' death; perhaps this is what the Claudius has planned all along. Laertes has a form of madness that is escalating because Laertes knows that he has the capabilities and motivation to act on what he believes on. Ophelia has a unique form of madness unlike Hamlet's and Laertes' because it a mixture of love and hate. An example of hate is when she sings about a ?baker's daughter.?(Act IV,Sc.5,42) Ophelia is referring to the way her father used to treat her before the tragic incident of his death. A love within her madness is when she speaks about the events on ?Valentine's day.?(Act IV, Sc.5,48) When Ophelia speaks about Valentines day she is referring to the events of romance that she was denied. Ophelia's madness is brought on by her lack of being able to demonstrate any maturity in trying to cope with her losses and in return can only inflict her madness on the court. By stating that Hamlet could have controlled his fraudulent madness, he then had the capability of controlling his conscious mind into acting traditional. Where Laertes was very influential by others and had no real control over the mental state he was developing by the sway of Claudius. Ophelia was the most innocent victim of all because she was the side affect of everyone else's actions and had no idea that she

How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care)

How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care) Why should we care how to say the names of all 50 states in French? Well, history, for one thing. Aside from knowing French equivalents of geographic terms that could come in handy, theres a long-standing American soft spot for all things French. Many of the French share a fascination with all things  Ãƒâ€°tats-Unis (United States). We need to know their words; they, ours. The Franco-American Alliance The United States and France have had a deep and complex friendship since before the American Revolution, when  Louis XVI’s regime came to America’s aid by providing money, arms, and military advisers, essential assistance best symbolized by the Marquis de Lafayette. The subsequent French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power also benefited the U.S. in 1803, when Napoleon’s woes in Europe and the Caribbean forced him to sell the entire Louisiana territory to the United States, in the words of  Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Says Oxford contributor  Kathryn C. Statler, a University of San Diego historian  : Franco-American economic and cultural contacts increased throughout the 19th century, as trade between the two countries prospered and as Americans flocked to France to study art, architecture, music, and medicine. The French gift of the Statue of Liberty in the late 19th century solidified Franco-American bonds, which became even more secure during World War I. Indeed, during the war, the United States provided France with trade, loans, military assistance, and millions of soldiers, viewing such aid as repayment for French help during the American Revolution. World War II once again saw the United States fighting in France to liberate the country from Nazi control....The Franco-American alliance has been primarily amicable in nature, and when it has not, leaders and citizens on both sides of the Atlantic have moved quickly to remedy the situation. A long line of official, semi-official, and unofficial diplomats, beginning with the Marquis de Lafayette’s staunch support of the American Revolution, has ensured the lasting success of the Franco-American alliance. Today, Americans are still flocking to France for tourism and cultural enrichment, and millions of French have been coming to the US, a product of the great French love affair with la vie Amà ©ricaine and its  freedom, financial opportunity, blend of cultures, and ability to pick up and move whenever and wherever. French and French Canadians Living in the United States As of the 2010 census, there are about 10.4 million U.S. residents of French or French Canadian descent: 8,228,623 French and 2,100,842 French Canadian. Some 2 million speak  French at home  and 750,000 more U.S. residents speak a  French-based creole language. In North America, French-based language groups, mainly in New England, Louisiana, and to a lesser extent, New York, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Florida, and North Carolina, include Quà ©bà ©cois, other French Canadian, Acadian, Cajun, and Louisiana Creole. So, for all that and more, we have a vested interest in knowing what the French call all 50 states. 50 State Names in French The list below details all 50 state names in English and French. Most states are masculine; only nine are feminine and they are indicated by (f.). Knowing the gender will help you choose the correct  definite article  and geographic  prepositions to use with each state. Most names are identical in both English and French, but when they do not share the same spelling, English names are provided in parentheses after the French names. Les États-Unis dAmà ©rique the United States of America Abbreviations: É-U  (US) and  Ãƒâ€°-UA  (USA) AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCalifornie (f.)  (California)Caroline du Nord  (f.) (North Carolina)Caroline du Sud  (f.)  (South Carolina)ColoradoConnecticutDakota du Nord  (North Dakota)Dakota du Sud (South Dakota)DelawareFloride  (f.)  (Florida)Gà ©orgie (f.)  (Georgia)Hawaà ¯Ã‚  (Hawaii)IdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisiane  (f.)  (Louisiana)MaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew Jerseylà ©tat de New York*  (New York State)Nouveau-Mexique  (New Mexico)OhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvanie  (f.)  (Pennsylvania)Rhode IslandTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginie  (f.)  (Virginia)Virginie-Occidentale  (f.)  (West Virginia)là ©tat de Washington*  (Washington State)WisconsinWyoming Plus, Washington, D.C. (formerly the District of Columbia), a compact federal district under the jurisdiction of the US Congress. As such, the capital district is not part of any state. It is spelled the same in English and in French. *These are said this way to distinguish between cities and states with the same name.

If You Cant Find the Stories You Want to Read, Write Them Yourself

If You Cant Find the Stories You Want to Read, Write Them Yourself If You Can't Find the Stories You Want to Read, Write Them Yourself Shaz Kahng features in the first season of Reedsy's self-publishing podcast, Bestseller. She has worked as a research scientist, a global consulting partner, a builder of e-businesses, a brand strategist, and has led teams in several male-dominated industries. When she noticed that strong female business leaders were missing from both her career and modern fiction, she decided to fill the gap. In this article, she talks about the struggle to traditionally publish a novel deemed "market-unfriendly," and how self-publishing has given her control over her bad-ass female characters. 3) That being said, remember the importance of professionals A critical aspect of bringing my book to life was designing a compelling cover that would stand out. For that, I was fortunate enough to connect with Reedsy cover designer, Mark Thomas. I provided a design brief to Mark with the objective of having a visually striking but simple cover that conveyed the idea of the story. I did have an idea in my mind of what the cover might look like, but as we went through the design process, Mark offered up several intriguing concepts and we ended up with something far different and far better than I could have imagined. With Reedsy, I felt like I was building my own publishing team with great talents like Mark, and I absolutely enjoyed our collaboration.4) Consider all the benefits of self-publishing After speaking with other authors of self-published books (some of whom were traditionally published first), two main benefits were touted: control over your content and every aspect of how your book comes to market, and speed - it’s certainly way faster than traditionally published books. #Selfpub tip: know your target market better than anyone. The Closer has only been out for about a month, but it has gotten stellar reviews from people who are not even related to me, and I’m happy to report that my book sales have been very strong. I’m optimistic about the novel’s potential, but most importantly: I was able to bring it to the world in the way I wanted, allowing me to rebel against the traditional path and the suggestions that would have diminished the quality of my book. Self-publishing let me keep my vision intact, control my content and cover, and allowed me to get The Closer to market quickly.The Closer is available in paperback and on Amazon Kindle.Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Shaz Kahng in the comments below!

Health epidemiology & statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Health epidemiology & statistics - Essay Example It results from the Hepatitis C virus or the HCV. Although the infection is usually asymptomatic, its chronic phase is characterized by a scarred liver and the subsequent development of liver cirrhosis. This takes place after many years (Butt et al., 2010). Some of the key methods through which it is spread include blood-to-blood contact that may result from poor sterilization of medical equipment, intravenous use of drugs and transfusions. About 150 to 200 million people are infected with Hepatitis C all over the world. It is known to infect only human beings and chimpanzees. The virus is persistent in the liver of 85% of those who have been infected. Although there is no immunity against the disease, it can be treated and cured. However, there is still a high and increasing morbidity, co-morbidities, and mortality of the disease (Sweeting, De Angelis, Ades, & Hickman, 2009). The main factors that are associated with this are people, place and time, which form a significant part of the transmission mechanism. In relation to the people, there must be a susceptible host, who must have the necessary conditions of host defenses to enable disease prevention. There is also an important component of place, which refers to the availability of a conducive site for the microbial agent to adhere, enter and infect thus causing the disease within the susceptible host. In terms of time, the natural settings provide a favorable environment for the agent to multiply and survive within the reservoir (Panduro et al., 2010). APN affects the primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions of hepatitis C in the sense that it provides both individual and population prevention methods. Different strategies can be applied in the counselling, screening and therapeutic methods. Butt, S., Idrees, M., Akbar, H., ur Rehman, I., Awan, Z.,

Same-Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Same-Sex Marriage - Essay Example It is a social ordinal issue for what family life is being strongly affected through these transformations. The changing trends of family life are hazardous for long term family and social issue. The most emerging trend in most of the western countries is gay or lesbian marriage (Moats and David 32). The psychological disorder is basically reported behind the phenomenon. It is not natural hence it must not be permissible by law. However, the organizations supporting for human rights believe that everyone has the right to spend his or her life according to their own wishes and aspirations. There are many medical issues related with this case. It although is not taken as a good sign whether if it is permissible by law. The countries in which it is permissible are Brazil, Argentine, Spain, Sweden, Canada, South Africa and Mexico (West and Robin 45). The religious aspect of same sex marriage is divergent to the permission. Almost every religious teaching is against these sorts of marriages. It is backed by a complete campaign. The supporters are in support as a collective cohesion in the society. However it is psychologically, medically and socially ill proven phenomenon since long. The premiers of these marriages were not even aware of adverse consequences of this issue (Dryden and Caroline). The social disorders and family structure mismatch issues are associated with same sex marriage exclusively. A number of organizations are working to make these marriages banned across because of increasing damages being reported in the last decade. It is very dangerous for social systems and values. It is sign of anxiety in the people’s minds that makes them forced to do this (Olsen and Allene 11). According to Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Lesbian Gay Bisexual (LGB) persons usually suffer from adverse psychiatry disorders of disparity. These inferiority complexes further are transmitted to the children they adopt.

The Anchoress of England: Julian of Norwichs Portrait of Christ as Mot

The Anchoress of England: Julian of Norwich's Portrait of Christ as Mother      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When speaking of medieval literature, Chaucer, Gower and Langland are quite often the most noted. However, recent studies have provided modern scholars with a wide variety of medieval women writers from all over Europe and a few in England. The most widely anthologized English female writer is Julian of Norwich. Julian was an anchoress, and as Marcelle Thiebaux notes, "The anchorite movement was widespread in England from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries. Both men and women chose this extreme form of asceticism, which was favored and encouraged by the crown, the church, and the laity. Anchorholds were small, narrow cells attached to churches or friaries" (442). 1[1] The process of becoming an anchoress was difficult and complicated, but suffice it to say that after the process was completed "the anchoress was sealed up, never to re-emerge into the world. Penance, meditation, reading, and in some cases writing were the anchorite's sole activities" (Thiebaux 442).   This was the case for Julian of Norwich. She was "well read in Scripture, dwelling especially on the Psalms, the gospels, and the epistles of Paul and John, ...and was the first English woman to write a book" (Thiebaux 443-44). Her Book of Showings to the Anchoress Julian of Norwich 2[2]   possesses literary and religious value, and the work lends itself quite naturally to a feminist reading. In her clear, lucid, prose style, combined with the images of the medieval mystic, Julian establishes herself as an independent, female religious authority and she gives a staunch affirmation of the divinity of God with this unique view point: the motherhood of God.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In her fi... ...7. All biblical references come from the Geneva Bible (which is based on the Jerome Bible) but were checked and crossed referenced with the Jerome Bible with help of Professor Behunin as the Jerome Bible is in Latin. 7[7] It is interesting to note that there might be a biblical correlation to the hazelnut. The name Hazel appears in the Bible, and in Jewish the name Hazel is a feminine name and means "one who sees God." ( Harrison, R.K. Biblical Hebrew England: Hodder & Stoughton, 1986.) 8[8] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Trans. Marie Borroff. Norton Anthology of British Literature Vol. 1, New York: WW Norton, 1993. 9[9] The "five fives" as they are known in medieval literature and religion can be found in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Trans. Marie Borroff. Norton Anthology of British Literature Vol. 1, New York: WW Norton, 1993, lines 640-654.   

The Great Gatsby has been described as a definitive record of the glamorous side of the Jazz Age

The Great Gatsby is full of lavish spending, huge parties and all round hedonistic enjoyment, showing a ‘definitive record of the glamorous side’ of the 1920s on every level. America in the 1920s had the highest living standard in the world, the United States owned around 40% of the entire world’s wealth, with this money the established rich spent their time living a glamorous lifestyle. In the 1920s the class of the established rich certainly knew how to be glamorous, as Fitzgerald shows through Daisy and Tom Buchanan. The Buchanan’s house was ‘more elaborate’ then Nick expected, it was a ‘Georgian Colonial mansion,’ and they also had luxury items such as a ‘motor boat’ and ‘horses.’ Tom obviously took pride in his house and processions, saying that he has ‘got a nice place.’ The money was also spent immorally; they always seem to have a plentiful amount of alcohol, like ‘the cocktails’ which Tom drank like ‘it was a drop on the bottom of a glass’ showing he must drink a lot. This alcohol was bought illegally as prohibition was in place from 1920 to 1933 which banned the manufacture, sale and transportation of liquor in the USA. RACISM Not only did the established rich have luxury items, they also did not work for their money, giving them plenty of free time to spend as they please, Jordan Baker had enough time to take up golfing, and ‘play in tournaments.’ Yet with all this money and free time the Buchanan’s lives are unfulfilled as they have spiritual goals, Daisy is unhappy in life and questions her purpose in life by saying ‘What shall we do this afternoon? And the day after? And the next thirty years?’ this showing the darker side to the 1920s. Fitzgerald shows glamour through Gatsby’s extravagant parties, Gatsby is new money as he worked for his money. From Gatsby’s ridiculous quantities of oranges to ‘the orchestra’ which played at his parties, Gatsby made sure that his parties were glamorous. At first Gatsby’s parties seem magical, as Gatsby’s ‘blue gardens were alive with the whispering and the champagne and the stars.’ The ‘floating rounds of cocktails permeated the garden’ and the ‘air was alive with chatter and laughter,’ everybody seemed to be having a fantastic time. Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda would have known first-hand how glamorous these jazz age parties were as they often attended them and they lived a glamorous life style. Yet underneath the glamour of Gatsby’s parties we see the bleaker side of the 1920s. Fitzgerald shows the work put in to the parties, to make the orange juice a butler had to press ‘a little button†¦ two hundred times.’ After the parties ‘eight servants†¦ toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes†¦ repairing the ravages of the night before,’ as the party guests left so much destruction in their way. Gatsby’s parties may be glamorous but he paid a great deal to make them this way. It is alleged that Gatsby made his money immorally, by bootlegging, Tom suggests this when he said ‘I picked him for a bootlegger the first time I saw him.’ It was easy to make money illegally in the 1920’s, due to prohibition many found it easy to sell alcohol over the counter or to speakeasies, which were secret bars in the 1920s, these people were often called bootleggers. This was an illegal way of getting the money; showing unglamorous, illegal acts were done to make these glamorous parties. Therefore alcohol in Gatsby’s parties was plentiful, he even had his own bar, but this alcohol led to carelessness as owl eyes was ‘drunk for about a week’ and alcohol also lead to recklessness in the form of car crashes, and violent actions with women ‘kicking off into the night, dragged away by men said to be their husbands.’ Gatsby paid a great amount of money but did the guests really care about their host? Nick was ‘one of the few guests, who had actually been invited,’ and of all of the guests who were at Gatsby’s parties only one came to his funeral, this shows the caring attitude and shallowness of people in the 1920s. Despite the unprecedented economic growth and excessive glamorous spending during the 1920s, the gap between rich and poor became increasingly prevalent. As most of the characters are very wealthy the rich and glamorous atmosphere defines the novel’s tone, the focus on the upper class lifestyle gives the novel a mood of extravagance. However, this society is contrasted with the poverty of those living near the Valley of Ashes; which is based on T.S Elliott’s poem ‘The Wasteland’. Like Elliott’s wasteland, the Valley of Ashes is a hideous image of a spiritually dead world, a symbol of the collapse of moral values after the chaos of the war. In the Great Gatsby we see how the Wilson’s live, which is a stark contrast from the Buchannan’s glamorous lifestyle. Nick could not believe that the Wilson’s lived in such a place, he thought the ‘garage must be a blind, and that sumptuous and romantic apartments were concealed overhead. ’ Their lifestyle is so unglamorous; it gives the darker side of the Jazz age. Myrtle Wilson tried hard to climb the classes by having an affair with Tom Buchannan, but even the apartment he provides for her is small and Tom treats her badly, he even breaks her nose, in his eyes she will always be lower than Daisy. George also tries very hard to make his money honestly, when Tom comes in he is so eager to have some business, George is a failure of the American Dream, he will never achieve the glamorous lifestyle he wants to provide.